build(protobuf): Upgrade protobuf minimum version from v4 to v5 (prep for state ts support, DM-4073)

[haakonvt]

Bumps the lower bound on protobuf from v4 to v5 as v4 is lacking a version guard at runtime (also, it is ancient!). For reference, the latest is v7.

Note: Not to be merged before cognitedata/protobuf-files#22

Update: TimeLords moved state TS specific part into own PR: cognitedata/protobuf-files#23

[gemini-code-assist]

Code Review

This pull request upgrades the project's protobuf dependency to version 5, regenerates the proto files with support for state datapoints and aggregates, and updates the proto compilation script. The review feedback suggests making the paths in the update script location-independent by resolving them relative to the script's file location rather than the current working directory.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 93.07%. Comparing base (38cbb51) to head (d3e55a4).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #2776      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   93.06%   93.07%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         514      514              
  Lines       52959    52959              
==========================================
+ Hits        49286    49294       +8     
+ Misses       3673     3665       -8     

see 3 files with indirect coverage changes

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[haakonvt]

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