feat(core): add opt-in loud invariants assertion instrumentation

[antonis]

📢 Type of change

• Bugfix
• New feature
• Enhancement
• Refactoring

📜 Description

Adds an opt-in Metro/Babel transform that rewrites assertion call sites (invariant, assert, warning, console.assert) so a violated assertion reports a non-fatal Sentry event instead of being stripped from release bundles or crashing with a minified message.

• Enabled via loudInvariants in the Sentry Metro config; off by default. First-party code is instrumented by default; dependencies are opt-in through an includeNodeModules allowlist.
• Hard preconditions (invariant/assert) still throw after reporting; warning/console.assert are report-only.
• New public runtime API captureInvariantViolation() (also usable by hand).
• Fixes a related gap in the RN global error handler so an error already captured by Sentry and re-thrown isn't reported a second time.

💡 Motivation and Context

Assertions are usually stripped from release builds or, when they do fire, surface as unreadable minified crashes. This surfaces them as grouped, non-fatal Sentry events with the condition, runtime values, and a stack anchored at the assertion site — without changing app source.

💚 How did you test it?

Unit tests for the reporter, the Babel plugin, the transformer wiring, and the RN error handler. Manually verified on the RN sample (iOS): invariant from a dependency, first-party console.assert, and a hand-written call each produced the expected handled events.

📝 Checklist

• I added tests to verify changes.
• No new PII added or SDK only sends newly added PII if sendDefaultPII is enabled.
• I updated the docs if needed.
• I updated the wizard if needed.
• All tests passing.
• Public API changes reviewed by another Mobile SDK team member or implemented according to the develop docs spec.
• No breaking changes.

🔮 Next steps

[github-actions]

Semver Impact of This PR

⚪ None (no version bump detected)

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[github-actions]

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[antonis]

@cursor review

[antonis]

@sentry review