doc: formalize TestOptions.fn and TestOptions.name as part of the public API

doc/api/test.md

@@ -1956,6 +1956,10 @@ changes:
     If the number of assertions run in the test does not match the number
     specified in the plan, the test will fail.
     **Default:** `undefined`.
+  * `fn` {Function|AsyncFunction} The function under test. If provided, it will take
+    precedence over the `fn` parameter.
+  * `name` {string} The name of the test. If provided, it will take precedence over the
+    `name` parameter.
 * `fn` {Function|AsyncFunction} The function under test. The first argument
   to this function is a [`TestContext`][] object. If the test uses callbacks,
   the callback function is passed as the second argument. **Default:** A no-op

test/parallel/test-runner-option-precedence.js

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+'use strict';
+require('../common');
+const { test, suite } = require('node:test');
+
+suite('test runner option precedence', () => {
+  test(
+    'overridden test name',
+    { name: 'options.name overrides test name', plan: 1 },
+    (t) => {
+      t.assert.strictEqual(t.name, 'options.name overrides test name');
+    },
+  );
+
+  test(
+    'options.fn overrides test function',
+    {
+      fn: (t) => {
+        t.assert.ok(true);
+      },
+      plan: 1,
+    },
+    (t) => {
+      t.assert.fail('should not be called');
+    },
+  );
+
+  test('options.fn only', {
+    plan: 1,
+    fn: (t) => {
+      t.assert.ok(true);
+    },
+  });
+
+  test({
+    name: 'single parameter options',
+    plan: 1,
+    fn: (t) => {
+      t.assert.ok(true);
+    },
+  });
+});