util: add non-throwing MIMEType.parse

[jasnell]

Similar to URL.parse(...), the MIMEType.parse(...) API will return null if the input cannot be parsed as opposed to throwing the way the constructor does.

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/75396/

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 90.30%. Comparing base (c55eb4a) to head (5028c0c).
⚠️ Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main   #64965   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   90.30%   90.30%           
=======================================
  Files         760      760           
  Lines      247238   247243    +5     
  Branches    46623    46625    +2     
=======================================
+ Hits       223259   223264    +5     
- Misses      15448    15454    +6     
+ Partials     8531     8525    -6     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/internal/data_url.js	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
lib/internal/inspector/network.js	96.73% <100.00%> (+0.77%)	⬆️
lib/internal/mime.js	98.55% <100.00%> (+0.06%)	⬆️

... and 28 files with indirect coverage changes

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